50 Academic English collocations

Ваша англійська на гарному рівні, але ви шукаєте способи трансформувати свої навички академічної англійської? З цією статтею ви дізнаєтеся про academic English collocations , які зроблять Ваш виклад думок авторитетним та гідним найвищої оцінки. До кожного словосполучення є коротке визначення та приклад речення зі справжньої наукової роботи.

Академічне письмо може бути однією з найважчих речей для вдосконалення англійської мови. Цей передовий навик вимагає досконалої граматики, чіткого використання словникового запасу та глибокого розуміння теми, про яку ви пишете. Для цього також потрібен дуже специфічний реєстр (рівень формальності), який може бути важко правильно підібрати для людей, для яких англійська мова не є рідною (а також для багатьох носіїв мови!).

Один із способів покращити та трансформувати своє академічне письмо англійською мовою – це вивчити деякі academic English collocations , які зроблять вас впевненим, обізнаним і додадуть належного рівня формальності вашій письмовій роботі.

Наша підбірка вміщує 50 of the most useful academic English collocations, а також визначення та деякі приклади, взяті з справжніх наукових робіт.

Study tip: Потренуйтеся писати власні речення, використовуючи кожне з наведених тут academic English collocations . Чи має структура граматичний сенс? Ви розумієте концепцію? Звірте своє речення з прикладом речення для кожного словосполучення.

Academic English collocations

Accurate assessment

Сorrect and precise evaluation of something or someone (точна оцінка)

E.g. “Accurate assessment of head motion can be a useful tool in clinical studies”.

Address the issue

Сonsider or deal with the matter at hand (вирішити проблему)

E.g. “To help address this issue, we have extended our previous study and examined in detail the…”.

Adversely affect

Сhange in a negative way (негативно впливати)

E.g. “A literature search was performed to determine whether non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) adversely affect the healing of stress fractures”.

Become apparent

To be suddenly clear or obvious (cтати очевидним)

E.g. “They become apparent, however, when a new molecular species is introduced into the atmosphere…”.

Brief overview

A non-detailed look at the subject as a whole (короткий огляд)

E.g. “This paper offers a brief but broad overview of the field of individual of language learning”.

Broad range

Of extensive scope (широкий асортимент)

E.g. “The colour produced from this reaction is stable and increases in a proportional fashion over a broad range of increasing protein concentrations”.

Causal link

One thing being responsible for another (причинно-наслідковий зв’язок)

E.g. “A causal link between high need for achievement and small business ownership is not found”.

Characteristic feature

A feature which distinguishes or defines something or someone (характерна риса)

E.g. “The characteristic feature of the book is the effort to explain the mathematical origins of the most widely used statistical formulas in terms that persons with comparatively little mathematical training can easily follow”.

Deeply rooted

Firmly implanted or established (глибоко вкорінений)

E.g. “This book describes efforts to develop an approach to teaching and teacher education that is deeply rooted in the study of practice”.

Detailed analysis

An in-depth study (детальний аналіз)

E.g. “The major difference between my book and others at this level is its coverage of the detailed analysis of experiments”.

Essential component

А vital part of something (основний компонент)

E.g. “We show here that these proteins are an essential component of the cell surface receptor”.

Establish a relationship

To prove or show a link between two things (встановити стосунки)

E.g. “Our aim was to establish the relationship between aortic stiffness and stroke death in hypertensive patients”.

Existing research

Previous academic work on the same subject (існуючі дослідження)

E.g. “This working paper reviews the existing research evidence about the additional costs or deprivation that disabled people face”.

First impression

Initial thought on a subject, prior to any detailed analysis (перше враження)

E.g. “Our first impression was strengthened by the fact that we were aware a condition existed in Povoa de Varzim”.

Frequently cited

Often quoted or referred to in reference to something (часто цитується)

E.g. “It should be recognized that other systems are frequently cited, particularly in engineering literature”.

Fundamental principle

Principle from which other principles can be derived (основоположний принцип)

E.g. “The authors argue for the restoration of beneficence to its place as the fundamental principle of medical ethics”.

General consensus

The majority opinion on a topic (загальний консенсус)

E.g. “There is a general consensus that forward exchange rates have little, if any power as forecasts of future spot exchange rates”.

Gain insight

Achieve a more profound understanding (отримати розуміння)

E.g. “Through this comparison we hope to gain insight into the way they perform specific tasks”.

Hierarchical structure

A system where elements are subordinate to other elements (ієрархічна структура)

E.g. “After reviewing their theoretical approach, the authors present four kinds of hierarchical structure in music”.

Highly controversial

Tending to provoke fierce disagreement (дуже суперечливий)

E.g. “A highly controversial issue in financial economies is whether stocks overreact”.

Immediately apparent

Obvious and clear at that moment (oдразу видно)

E.g. “The reasons for this are not immediately apparent and deserve further investigation”.

Increase the likelihood

To make more likely or plausible (збільшити ймовірність)

E.g. “Numerous high school students engage in behaviours that increase their likelihood of death from these four causes”.

Key element

A main or fundamental component (ключовий елемент)

E.g. “Provisional restorations represent a key element in the realization of extensive esthetic rehabilitations”.

Largely confined

Focussed in a particular area (значною мірою обмежений)

E.g. “The metabolic syndrome is largely confined to overweight and obese adults”.

Literal interpretation

A non-metaphorical or figurative reading (буквальне тлумачення)

E.g. “In Experiment 2, targets were phrases that could be given either an idiomatic or a literal interpretation”.

Major challenge

A large or fundamental problem (головний виклик)

E.g. “Keeping up with the population increase is a major challenge for urban areas”.

Markedly different

Noticeably distinct (помітно відрізняється)

E.g. “The spectrum of pyridine coordinately bonded to the surface is markedly different from that of the pyridinium ion”.

Negative connotation

Suggesting something bad or wrong (негативний відтінок)

E.g. “The label placebo was avoided because of its negative connotation”.

Newly emerging

Novel or original concept first being introduced (щойно виникають)

E.g. “This is a book about a newly emerging area of research in instructional technology”.

Offer insight

Present a deep or original analysis (пропонувати розуміння)

E.g. “This study reveals what those practices are and may offer insight for how they fit into future workplaces”.

Organisational structure

The way groups are arranged (організаційна структура)

E.g. “This paper models the inner workings of relationship lending, the implications for bank organisational structure, and the effects of shocks to the economic environment on the availability of relationship credit to small businesses”.

Particular emphasis

Stressing one aspect of something (особливий акцент)

E.g. “The first chapter, a review of some of the principal social surveys carried out in the last half-century or so, with particular emphasis on British experience, has been entirely rewritten”.

Perceived importance

The opinion that something is particularly important or relevant (усвідомлена важливість)

E.g. “We examined whether employees’ perceived importance of the training program would be one variable that mediates the relationship between training assignment and training motivation”.

Pioneering work

Work which explores previously uncharted territory (новаторство)

E.g. “Hans-Paul Schwefel has responded to rapidly growing interest in Evolutionary Computation, a field that originated, in part, with his pioneering work in the early 1970s”.

Positive feature

Something good (позитивна риса)

E.g. “The great chemical diversity is a positive feature in that it indicates the likelihood that a variety of approaches can be made to prevention”.

Qualitatively different

Differences relating to quality as opposed to quantity (якісно відрізняється)

E.g. “Current methods for generating qualitatively different plans are either based on simple randomisation of planning decisions”.

Quantitative study

A study which focuses on aspects of quantity (кількіснe дослідження)

E.g. “Qualitative and quantitative studies were performed on pulmonary blood vessels in lung tissue obtained by biopsy, pneumonectomy, or autopsy”.

Raise a question

Necessitates an obvious enquiry (порушути питання)

E.g. “At the same time, it also raises the question of whether a single reform can meet the very different objectives of different supporters”.

Rapid expansion

To grow larger at a fast rate (швидке розширення)

E.g. “It has been suggested that the rapid expansion could be the result of human activities causing habitat disturbances or stresses such as pollution”.

Reach a consensus

Develop a general agreement (дійти консенсусу)

E.g. “A consensus conference was organized to evaluate the data and reach a consensus on optimal treatment protocols”.

Reciprocal relationship

Benefiting both parties equally (взаємні відносини)

E.g. “The aim of the present study is to examine the reciprocal relationship between parental attachment and adolescent internalising and externalising problem behaviour”.

Seem plausible

Appear possible or likely (здається правдоподібним)

E.g. “Again, even though the results seem plausible, they are hard to interpret in the absence of a theory”.

Specific examples

Focussed examples (конкретні приклади)

E.g. “The specific examples used are shown to have a substantial biasing effect on diagnostic accuracy”.

Theoretical approach

Focussing on theories rather than practical application (теоретичний підхід)

E.g. “A new theoretical approach to language has emerged in the past 10–15 years that allows linguistic observations about form–meaning pairings, known as ‘constructions’, to be stated directly”.

Typical example

An example which is common or expected in its outcome (типовий приклад)

E.g. “A typical example would be the design of a trial to evaluate the benefits of specialist stroke units”.

Underlying assumption

A belief which dictates other beliefs (основне припущення)

E.g. “Much of ecological theory is based on the underlying assumption of equilibrium population dynamics”.

Universally accepted

An assumption which is not commonly disputed (загальноприйняті)

E.g. “The idea of a biological root to human nature was almost universally accepted at the turn of the century”.

Vary considerably

To be widely different in form or features (значно відрізняються)

E.g. “The results of these procedures vary considerably among patients”.

Vast majority

An overwhelming amount (переважна більшість)

E.g. “The vast majority of cases occur in developing countries, mainly because of lack of screening”.

Well-documented

Evidence from numerous or reliable sources (добре задокументовано)

E.g. “Although CNS depression and analgesia are well documented effects of the cannabinoids, the mechanisms responsible for these and other cannabinoid-induced effects are so far known”.

Запам’ятовуйте наші academic English collocations, практикуйте та нехай англійська буде максимально академічною! Ще однією класною ідеєю для професійного звучання є використаня синонімів.

Photo by Scott Graham on Unsplash