Особенности употребления to have sth done
Давайте взглянем на 2 рисунка и найдём их отличие:
На первом женщина красит картину, а на втором — красят для женщины. Конструкция to have sth done используется именно для демонстрации, что действие выполняется для кого-то. Именно вторая картинка, чётко демонстрирует необходимость to have sth done. Ведь красят для женщины, ей нужен результат, а исполнением занимается кто-то другой, зачастую, именно профессионал.
Выражение to have sth done демонстрирует весомое отличие нашего взаимопонимания от англичан. Более подробное описание по этой ссылке.
Have + object + past participle (V3)
Особенность употребления конструкции является необходимость разрыва грамматической структуры основным объектом.
Например:
- She didn’t cut her hair herself. (Она не стригла свои волосы сама.) – She had her hair cut. (Она подстриглась.) Основным объектом выступает her hair, которое разрывает had и глагол.
Основным глаголом конструкции является – to have (иногда в неформальных ситуациях может заменяться на to get). И именно to have демонстрирует временные рамки. То есть, если ситуация происходит в данный момент, то to have превращается в be (am/is/are) having или в прошедшем времени в had.
Рассмотрим все временные варианты:
В первой колонке – название времени, во второй — форма в активном состояние (стандартная форма времени), в третьей — вариация to have sth done в соответствии с временем.
Как вы уже заметили, в отличие от разных времен мы меняем только форму to have, объект и past participle (глагол в 3 форме) остаются неизменными.
Отрицание и вопрос мы делаем с помощью обычного вспомогательного глагола для конкретного времени.
Present Simple
I have my car repaired every day.
I don’t have my car repaired every day.
Do you have your car repaired every day?
Present Continuous
+ We are having our car repaired now.
— We aren’t having our car repaired now.
? Are we having our car repaired now?
Past Simple
+ She had her car repaired yesterday.
— She didn’t have her car repaired yesterday.
? Did she have her car repaired yesterday?
Past Continuous
+ They were having their car repaired at 5 pm yesterday.
— They weren’t having their car repaired at 5 pm yesterday.
? Were they having their car repaired at 5 pm yesterday.
Future Simple
+ He will have his car repaired tomorrow.
— He won’t have his car repaired tomorrow.
? Will he have his car repaired tomorrow?
Future Continuous
+ He will be having his car repaired at 7am tomorrow.
— He won’t be having his car repaired at 7am tomorrow.
? Will he be having his car repaired at 7am tomorrow?
Present Perfect
+ He has had his car repaired.
— He hasn’t had his car repaired.
? Has he had his car repaired?
Present Perfect Continuous
+ She has been having her car repaired.
— She hasn’t been having her car repaired.
? Has she been having her car repaired?
Past Perfect
+ He had had his car repaired.
— He hadn’t had his car repaired.
? Had he had his car repaired?
Past Perfect Continuous
+ She had been having her car repaired.
— She hadn’t been having her car repaired.
? Had she been having her car repaired?
Infinitive/modals
+ I must have my car repaired.
— I mustn’t have my car repaired.
? Must you have your car repaired?
Это главные особенности употребления to have sth done, которые помогут Вам грамотно и корректно доносить информацию и понимать собеседника! Не забывайте о весомой разнице взаимопонимания!
Photo by Lala Azizli on Unsplash